Night by Elie Wiesel and A Spring Morning by Ida Fink

Dehumanization With an overwhelming amount of power, humanity becomes lost in the desire to control. In the novel Night by Elie Wiesel and the connection â€Å"A Spring Morning† by Ida Fink, both authors demonstrate a common theme of dehumanization by using literary devices such as: specific diction, symbolism and tone. Throughout the novel and connection, specific diction is used to express the hatred the Germans felt towards the Jewish during the Holocaust. In the connection â€Å"A Spring Morning†, the author uses words such as: â€Å"cruel†, â€Å"torment† and â€Å"murder† to show how the humiliation and fear within the Jews. Each of these words demonstrates a sense of inhumane acts of terror, for example, to be cruel to someone/ something means to be unnecessarily mean or evil. Fink also portrays the Jews as becoming dehumanized emotionally. The Jewish are â€Å"terrified† and in â€Å"despair† of the German officers and do not k now what will become of themselves once they are taken to the camps. The Germans have the Jewish detained and frightened, like caged animals, making them feel more animalistic than human. In the novel Night, Wiesel describes his journey through the Holocaust as â€Å"inhumane† and â€Å"cursed†, further showing how the Jews were treated poorly due to the Germans undeniable hatred towards them. The novel shows how the Nazi’s took advantage of the power and control they had over the Jews, making them unaware to the torment and hazard they were causing the Jews. Wiesel uses the word

What Is a Data Warehouse Free Essays

Question 1 What is a data warehouse? What problems does it solve for a business? A data warehouse is a place where data is stored for archival purpose, analysis purpose. Usually a data warehouse is either a single computer or many computers servers tied together to create one giant computer systems. Data warehouse solve a lot of problems to companies as it helps to structure files and avoid unnecessary duplication of data. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is a Data Warehouse or any similar topic only for you Order Now Data warehouse also allows to easily updating data and encourages management to regard data as a resource that must be properly managed just as any other resources. Question1B What do you see as the benefits of using a web-like browser to access information from a data warehouse? The benefits of using a web browser to access information from a data warehouse is that it allows users to have access to different search engines and opens up different links with the relevance key search. Some results will be more complete than others as they have different ways of indexing websites.Using a web browser to access information from a data warehouse is also useful as the links give you access to images and videos which interact users but can also slow down the logon level of speed operations meaning that the data warehouse is accessed at a fast speed. Question2 The SAP system is a collection of software that performs standard business functions for corporations. Here are some applications developed by SAP for consumers use, they are regrouped into categories of utilities[1]. Financials applications The SAP Financials applications contain all of the functionality needed for enterprise-wide financial management. These include: Financial Accounting (FI), Provides a complete financial accounting solution, including income statements, balance sheets, journals, ledgers, and all areas of financial accounting. †¢ Enterprise Controlling (EC): Assists in controller tasks. †¢ Capital Investment Management (IM): Assists finance organizations in their capital investments and tracking. †¢ Controlling (CO): Assists the controller organization. †¢ Treasury (TR): Assists with transactions related to the U. S. Treasury. Human Resources applications †¢ Personnel Administration (PA): Assists with all areas of personnel administration, including applicant tracking and personnel history. Personnel Development (PD): Assists with training and educational status of employees. These systems handle all of the mundane HR tasks, such as personnel and payroll, and also a number of more esoteric HR functions, such as seminar and convention management. Logistics applications The SAP Logistics applications include SAP’s most popular modules. †¢ Materials Management (MM): Manages raw materials, inventory, and all aspects of goods manufacturing. †¢ Production Planning (PP):Offers sophisticated tools for planning large production environments. General Logistics (LO): Manages logistics for companies that require large-scale deployment of goods and resources. †¢ Sales and Distribution (SD): Manages the inventory and distribution of finished goods. †¢ Plant Maintenance (PM): Manages the resources required for large manufacturing plants. †¢ Quality Management (QM): Captures and maintains quality control for manufacturing environments. †¢ Project System (PS): Assists with the scheduling of project tasks and interdependencies between tasks. ;; Oracle is the leading company in a leading software development and provides usiness with systems and information with reliable, secure, and integrated technologies[2]. These software’s include: †¢ Agile Link-to-SAP XI: Agile Product Collaboration provides a comprehensive solution to manage bill of material (BOM), item, and engineering change order (ECO) data necessary for product content collaboration across the manufacturing supply chain. †¢ Oracle Communications for SAP RM-CA Manage: SAP RM-CA Manager integrates the BRM billing platform with SAP Revenue Management–Contract Accounting (SAP RM-CA), a revenue management system that SAP offers to the telecommunications industry Siebel Connector for SAP R/3: The Siebel Connector for SAP R/3 supports both synchronous and asynchronous transactions across application boundaries. The resulting consistency of data provides efficient coordination between front and back-office operations. †¢ Oracle Business Intelligence Applications (BI Apps) are prebuilt BI solutions that deliver intuitive, role-based intelligence for everyone in an organisation that enable better decisions, act ions, and business processes.Based on best practices, these solutions enable organisations to gain greater insight and value from a range of data sources and applications including Oracle E-Business Suite, PeopleSoft, Siebel, and third party systems such as SAP. †¢ Imaging ; Process Management (I/PM), part of the Stellent assets, provides organizations with a scalable solution focused on process-oriented imaging applications and image-enabling enterprise applications.With I/PM, organizations can quickly integrate their content and processes directly with Oracle and other third party enterprise applications, such as EBS, PeopleSoft Enterprise, JD Edwards Enterprise One and JD Edwards World, Microsoft Business Solutions, SAP, Lawson, and Baan. Here are the advantages of these two very competitive companies in the industry of enterprise application software reported by Eweek[3]. Oracle advantages |Control of the Oracle database | |Without data, enterprise applications are little more than empty containers.As the Oracle database platform evolves, it is | |becoming the data management system for enterprise applications. | | | |More open environment | |Oracle has done a better job of embracing Web- and Java-based application development paradigms that are familiar to a broader| |number of developers. | | |Customers relationship management | |Due to its acquisitions of Siebel and PeopleSoft, Oracle has a deeper knowledge of business processes, driven more often than | |not by front-end CRM (customer relationship management) applications. | | | |Middleware | |Oracle isnt that much better than SAP in this category, but at least Oracle has recognized its weakness in the middleware area| |enough to try and acquire BEA. | | |Mid ma rket channel | |Oracle has a stronger history in the channel than SAP, and, as such, has a better ability to leverage third-party solution | |providers in the small and midsize business market. | | | |Flexibility | |Oracle is a little more flexible in its approach to the business processes it will support, compared with the more | |hierarchical SAP model. | | |Global development Team | |Oracle development teams work together around the globe with relatively equal levels of autonomy. | | | |More third party application | |Years of working with ISVs on its database have created a stronger Oracle ecosystem. | | |Stronger OEM partnership | |The Oracle database is a critical piece of enterprise software driving server sales for Dell and Hewlett-Packard (and making | |the latter companys sales force an extension | SAP advantages Legion of consultants | |A large army’s worth of business consultants owe their professional existence to SAP and help keep SAP the market leader. | | | |CIO loyalty | |Many CIO’s3 have invested millions of dollars in SAP and have staked their careers on its continued success. | | |Partnership with IBM | |IBM is probably one of the largest resellers of SAP software, on top of DB2 databases. | | | |Partnership with Microsoft | |Although SAP has ambitions in the SMB space in which Microsoft sells its own applications, a marriage of convenience results | |in a lot of Microsoft Office-to-SAP enterprise application work. | | |Open source | |Although SAP would balk at the idea of open-source application software, it provides tons of resources for the development of | |open-source infrastructure software—making more money available for SAP software. | | |Business Process Integration | |Years of work in this area have resulted in a depth of expertise that is difficult to replicate. | | | |Global Footprint | |SAP has extended its enterprise application customer base around the world. | | |German Engineering | |Although it is sometimes seen as overly rigid, a reputation for attention to detail works in SAPs overall favor. | | | |Vertical market penetration | |Compared with Oracle, SAP has had more time to gain expertise across a broader array of industries. A recent Forrester research paper[4] found that Oracle has a strong middleware platform and better support of open standard and as such it is the right choice for customers who rely heavily on custom development in conjunction with packaged app lications. The reporters Wang and Rymer asserted that companies in the high-tech manufacturing market segment would likely be better off with Oracle while companies in the pharmaceutical and utilities industries would be more likely to choose SAP. In the light of this report my choice between theses systems will be based on the targeted market segment, in other words I will select the vendor that best suit my business activity. So therefore, I will select Oracle enterprise application if my company focuses on high-tech or with heavy reliability on custom development in conjunction with packaged applications. My choice in the other case will be to go for SAP if my business is found in the utilities industries or pharmaceutics. Making these choices will surely enable great customers satisfaction since they provide employees with the best equipments to serve these customers.Question3 Week 4 Lecture summary relating to: Data base models A data base model is a theory or specification describing how a data base is structured and used . several models have been suggested: The Hierarchal model is organized in to a tree like structure aiming to keep data in an organized manner. This structure allows one relationship between two types o f data i. e the parent child relationship, the child may have only one parent but the parent can have many children’s. The Network model organizes data using two fundamental records and sets.In other words the network model allows a many to many relationship meaning that the program maintains a current position and navigates fron one record to another by following relationships in which the record participates records can also be located b supplying key values. ( we have seen that most data bases used on man frame and minicomputer are based on the network or the hierarchal model. Relational model 3 key terms are widely used in the relational data base model these are relations , attributes and domain. A relation is theh colum and rows the named colums of the relations are called attributes and the domain is the set of values.The relational model was introduced as a way to make data base management system more independent. The structure of the relational model is a table where rows and columns of the tables are related. Database Development Entity modeling Entity relationship diagrams and entity relationship model illustrate the correlation and its nature between entities. The entities identifies the needs of the business and holds information of it all, with this method the relationship may be one to one or one to many. There are diverse benefits to the entity relationship modeling as it gives a specified picture of the current and requested system data.Normalization Normalization is the procedure of removing duplication of data. Normalization is also the process of verifying by making sure that there are no problems when updating the database and the operations on the various relations will not lead to conflicting and incorrect data. Part 2 Question1 (iii) What is the role of entity-relationship diagram and Normalization in database? Normalization and ERM are useful techniques for data management be cause normalization is the process of organizing data to minimize duplication, it usally divides a database into two or more tables defining relationships between the tables. The objective of normalization is to isolate data so that additions, deletions, and modifications of a field can be made in just one table and then spread through the rest of the data base via the defined relationships. I. e the customers number is related to its matching customers name and matching customer order. Therefore ERM and Normalization techniques ensure that data is well organized so that when updating some data you face no duplications or error. Data modeling is the process of creating a logical representation of the structure of a data base because it provides a unified view of data which is independent of any model. How to cite What Is a Data Warehouse, Papers

Customer Purchase Behavior

Question: Discuss about the Customer Purchase Behavior. Answer: Introduction The process used by customers in deciding whether to purchase a product or service is indeed changing day in day out. The behavior is so complex that the producers, the sellers, and marketers find it so hard in identifying the exact features and factors that influence customers in making the buying decision. Customer behavior, therefore, is defined as the complex and dynamic process a user or buyer of a product goes through before purchasing a product. It is a process that starts with the development of the desire to buy a particular commodity (Blythe, 2009). It starts with the realization of the need. To satisfy this need, the customer has to purchase the product. And before buying this product, a customer usually undergoes various stages explicitly discussed in the body of the report (Blythe, 2009). In this report, I have covered the subjects as follows. First and foremost, there is the identification of a company as well as the product offered. Then concerning this product, I have comprehensively discussed customer behavior. The primary factors covered under the section include personality, attitudes and motivation. Secondly, the report has explored how these two elements relate to the customer behavior. Also, the report has how the marketers in Woolworths Limited can apply the understanding of these influences on customer purchase behavior to enhance acceptance of clothes in particular suits offered by Woolworths. Lastly, the report has provided recommendations concerning marketing and customer behavior. Company Woolworths was established in 1924 and majorly carry its operations in Australia and New Zealand. In Australia, Woolworths Holdings Limited is one of the biggest Supermarkets and commands a market share of about 40% in retail and grocery industry. It majorly sells home ware, digital products, foods, clothing, drinks, and others. Customers prefer shopping in the stores of Woolworths just because of high-quality goods and varieties of the goods provided at the same warehouse. The company has recorded stellar performance for several years in Australia. Through the duopoly that was established between Coles and Woolworths, the strategy assisted them to dominate the market for a long period. However, the entrance of competitors like Aldi into the industry has spurred a new rivalry. The pricing strategy adopted by Aldi has successfully won a significant market share that was initially for Woolworths. The new market forces have thus forced Woolworths to redefine marketing and operational st rategy to retain the market share and even grow further. Product and location As earlier noted, Woolworths provides various types of products. These goods can only be sold in bulk if proper marketing plans are put in place to enhance consumer preference. This report has primarily based on the entire range of products offered by Woolworths. They include clothing, electronics, fruits, drinks, vegetables, and other household goods. The fact is that convincing a customer that these are the best quality and products that can satisfy their need require the application of various marketing and promotional approaches. For instance, if Woolworths was a manufacturer, I could suggest that it manufactures quality products, offer discounts to customers and further base much on sales promotional initiatives. With the case of a retailer, however, the requirements are slightly different. Indeed, these stylish products like clothing, electronics and drinks require regular study of the users behavior and enact different principles to influence the buying behavior. Moreover, Woolworths Supermarkets has located its headquarters at Bella Vista in New South Wales, Australia. It has about 961 locations or branches that were established to serve the ever-growing consumer needs. Woolworths works closely with the farmers and growers in Australia to enhance production of quality products. Additionally, it has incorporated technology through creativity and innovation. Using this technology, consumers are able to shop online. They use the developed Woolworths app to place orders wherever they are and the products are timely delivered to their door steps. Any person within Australia can order the products without consideration of the distance. It thus implies that the company is located in most parts of the country and even those who hail from the interior parts of Australia can be served. Consumers These are individuals who purchase the products for consumption purposes. Before making the purchase, they follow various steps and considerations. In this report, the consumers are the entire population in Australia since Woolworths provides a range of quality goods and services to all groups of people. Photos of some of the target market by Woolworths Discussion and analysis Marketers, therefore, have to use conceptual skills, technical expertise and marketing knowledge to ensure they read consumer's mind and apply an appropriate technique to influence the purchase process (Lancaster et al., 2002). Customer behavior is affected by internal and external factors. The internal forces are those that can be controlled by the customer and are classified into personal factors and psychological factors. The individual factors include age, income, occupation, lifestyle and personality. The psychological factors include motivation, perception, learning and beliefs and attitudes (Salomon et al., 2010). On the other hand, the external factors are those that are beyond a customer control. They are primarily classified into cultural factors and social factors. Cultural factors include culture, sub-culture and social class. The social factors include the family, reference group and role and status (Awa et al., 2010). Figure 1.1 factors that influences consumer behavior. From the figure above, customer behavior is influenced by four major factors which include the cultural, social, personal and psychological. Just to mention, a customer undergoes five stages to purchase a product. The first step includes problem recognition. Here the customer realizes the need for a product. Next, the user search for more information regarding the product. The third step includes the evaluation of alternatives. The customer now uses the information gathered to assess if buying the product will be the best option. The consumer, however, weighs the needs and information identified to formulate a solution. The next step involves the purchase of the product. After the purchase, the consumer will undergo post purchase behavior which is the last step (Kardes et al., 2008). Figure 1.2 consumer behavior purchase process Source: Form this report. Personality Personality emanates from the interaction of physiological and psychological influences in an individual and leads to a constant character. It includes attributes like curiosity, adaptability, shyness, confidence and more (Sarker et al., 2013). Usually, customers apply these attributes in various proportions while trying to purchase a product. Some perceive that if they are purchase particular products, it can build the self concept (OCass, 2000). Personality extends to consumers desire to be categorized in a particular social class. Some products can be seen as inferior and persons who may associate other factors like level of education, economic class and the status quo (Haliru, 2013). However, personality attributes vary from one person to the other. A marketer too has to be in position to identify complaint personalities, aggressive personalities and attached personalities to find appropriate measures how to handle such customers. Adaptability From the reading, I recognized adaptability as one of the personality exhibited by many youths. Woolworths provides high quality products. Some research say youths are people who go by fashions in most of the products they purchase (Rogers, 2010). Before consumers with personality issues purchases a product from the stores, they usually ascertain that any of the highlighted character attributes favors them. For instance, based on electronics, a consumer has to ascertain the manufacturer, the features, price and alternatives available. To overcome this form of personality, Woolworths for our case should ensure that all varieties possible in the retail industry should be provided (Chowdhury, 2007). These products should be further segmented based on attributes like price such that people from all economic spheres should get their quality in the same store (Tan et al., 2004). The diversification and offering of latest products will be an appropriate solution for this influence. Curiosity Most customers prefer trying out products that are very new to them. For instance, they can enter the shop just to check about the new fashions in the store. If they miss getting such products, they may develop a negative attitude about the company (Mathur, 2008). Notably, if customers fail to get the latest products, they may take long to make decision regarding whether they should make a purchase or not. To overcome such an influence, a company should provide varieties of products to allow them taste any that already exist in the market (Martinez, 2012). Besides, Woolworths should provide a variety of products to the entire target market to allow them to get all the products in one store. Discussion and analysis of motivation Everyone is motivated in a different ways to purchase a commodity. Motivation is perhaps a challenging aspect to identify from a customer because it involves working with the subconscious level (Murat, 2011). Because of the difference in biological, social and physiological needs, consumer motivation to purchase of particular products will always vary. A need becomes urgent when it is pressing (Schiffman Kanuk, 2008). Pressing needs Pressing needs are those that cannot be postponed (Frey, 2008). They are actually the opposites of impulse purchases. These majorly affect consumers in the food but the electronics and clothing departments where the quality, innovativeness, fashion, brand design, are needs that can be postponed. with motivation, a buyer has just to develop a desire to satisfy a particular need. This issue can be adequately addressed by providing a variety of quality products, in that when any need arises, consumers can access the product from the premises. However, considering this motivation aspect, the firm should establish some measures to influence undecided customers to perform an impulse buying. The goods should be appealing and conspicuous to make a consumer who had not developed the need for a given product to develop suddenly (Cook, 2008). Impulse purchase decision. These are needs that customers dont have a priority over them. They can be postponed and get satisfied the other time. Sometimes, they can fall under impulse purchasing decision making. Some buyers are usually undecided about the goods to purchase. Such people are significantly influenced by the attributes of the commodity. This factor is, therefore, sensitive for the marketers to be in a position of identifying such customers and convincing them to purchase the merchandise (Whiteside Lynam, 2001). This consideration should be at the heart of the electronic and clothes department where the needs sometimes arise unexpectedly (Kotler Armstrong, 2010). Marketers should therefore, be in a position to identify such customers so that they can convince them to purchase some commodities. Ways the marketers can apply the knowledge of consumer behavior in developing marketing strategies. Marketers can, however, fail to hit targets if they lack sufficient knowledge about the consumer purchase behavior. These strategies can base on Porters five forces to identify the level of competition in the markets and relate with the consumer behavior in establishing marketing strategies. For instance, the tool will assist in understanding the degree of competition, the possibility of a new entrance, powers of suppliers and powers of customers and formulate appropriate marketing strategies (Jobber, 2007). Command of adequate knowledge about internal and external influences on purchase behavior will assist marketers to apply the knowledge in undertaking the following: First, the marketers can use the knowledge in segmenting the market. During marketing and sales promotions, Woolworths should use different mechanisms to differentiate. Based on the internal influences consumers should be segmented according to the age, personality, attitudes and more. The segmentation will assist in presenting the right product to the right people (Hawkins, Best Coney, 2000). For instance, offering a free sample like match box to an individual hail from a royal family cannot create a positive impact, or giving the same matchbox to a kid of five years cannot positively influence the attitude of such customers. Therefore, a clear understanding of the internal forces can assist marketers to segment the market accurately. Secondly, the marketers can apply the information to perform Target marketing. A strong understanding of consumers influence can help the marketing personnel to target the right group of customers (Kotler et al., 2005). Though the goal can involve the general public, some group of people will require being reached more than the other. Maybe, they could have developed a negative attitude towards the company, or they could be unwilling to associate their personality with the enterprise due to wrong information they withhold. Additionally, the knowledge about consumer behavior is instrumental in assisting marketers to apply the marketing mix tool and promotional mix to ensure the right information reaches the target market (Heath, 2001). The marketing mix (4ps) Products; through an understanding of the consumer behavior, the firm should provide products that only suits customer needs. They will also present the right products to the required target market. Price; the firm can charge the right price. The variety of products offered will be tagged with an affordable price. Tagging of the price on products will enhance viewing of products by customers and those who are price sensitive can purchase the product based on the comparison. Place; understanding the consumer behavior will assist in arranging the products in the stores to accessible places. The stores will also be located at a hub where customers can easily access them at their convenient time. Promotions; the firm will manage to carry out appropriate promotions activities. It will lay out strategies that ensure the promotion campaigns reach every individual as planned (Vargas, 2013). Recommendations Woolworths however, has to consider adopting more strategies to ensure that it fully understands customer behavior and how the business has been affected. Some of the suggestions include the following: First and foremost, the company has to undertake a significant investment in research. The research should focus on marketing and customer behavior. By so doing, it will be possible to unearth all the influences that affect purchasing behavior of different segments in Australia. Also, the management should intensify the use of marketing campaigns. The campaigns can enhance the reach of more customers, identify some of their needs, and further affects their attitudes towards the company and its products. This closeness and interactions with the customers at the grassroots will foster a good relation hence reducing some of their consideration before making purchases. Finally, the management should consider establishing career development programs. These programs should include training, coaching and seminars just to impart the relevant and current skills about consumer behavior. As a result, the marketers will use the skills to identify some influences and induce consumer purchases. Conclusions In conclusion, this dynamic and complex customer purchase behavior is a challenge to most of the marketers in developing appropriate marketing strategies. Apparently, most of the marketing mix and promotional strategies applied by organizations have failed to adequately address the challenge. Research is, however, believed to supplement technology in understanding the unknown characters about consumers. Marketing, therefore, intends to influence the customers in making a decision regarding a product and further make a purchase. It is the responsibility of the marketers to accurately position the product and assist the consumer to understand more about the product. Doing this can enhance purchase of a commodity and even create loyalty that automatically results in a repetitive purchase. 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